1,5 An abbreviated 13-item BDI used for screening and symptom evaluation has also been published. 1,5 These were subsequently replaced in the BDI-II with items more sensitive to identifying depression, including agitation, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and energy loss. 1,6 The original BDI included items for weight loss, distorted body image, somatic preoccupation, and inability to work. 1,6 Major differences between the two versions include the timeframe for assessment (ie, “the present time” for the original BDI and “the last 2 weeks” for the BDI-II) and the symptoms covered. The original BDI (also referred to as “BDI-I”) consisted of 21 items and was scored similarly to the BDI-II. 4 In this population, the BDI-II had a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 54% when a cutoff score of 19 was used. 13 In a separate study of 1,904 adult inpatients being treated for psychiatric complaints, the BDI-II showed lower sensitivity and specificity. 4,13 In a study of 340 adult primary care patients, the BDI-II demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 92% specificity when a cutoff score of 18 was used. Sensitivity and specificity of the BDI-II depends on the population examined. The core criteria for MDD are consistent across these editions. Note: Although the BDI-II was initially developed based on DSM-IV criteria, the scale is also compatible with the DSM-5. 4,5 Severity thresholds that are used to classify patients are shown in the table below. 4,5 The BDI is scored by simple addition and has a maximum total score of 63. 1,5 Items are rated according to severity on a 0–3 scale, with the exception of two items rated on a 0–6 scale. 5 The BDI-II has 21 items that evaluate the symptoms of depression described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), including sadness, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, suicidal thoughts, irritability, loss of energy, changes in sleeping, changes in appetite, and more. 5,6 The updated, self-rated version of the BDI-II is now the most frequently used version of the scale. Originally developed as a clinician-rated scale, the BDI was later adapted into a self-report format. Screening, Treatment Monitoring & Evaluation, Symptom SeverityĬlinical Trials & Research, Clinical Practice Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition Manual.The BDI-II is a 21-item, self-rated scale that assesses the severity of depressive symptoms experienced by a patient with a diagnosed mood disorder over the past two weeks.īipolar disorder, Major depressive disorder Qual Life Res 1993 2:397–432īeck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. A critical review of dimension-specific measures of health-related quality of life in cross-cultural research. High clinical sensitivity.īECK AT, WARD CH, MENDELSON M, MOCK J, ERBAUGH J. Response is reported for symptoms over prior 2 week period. Price, physical illness may falsely elevate score (fatigue, etc) Spanish, Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, French (Canadian), German, Korean, Polish, Swedish, Arabic and Turkisĭeveloper contact of questionnaire: needs permission from developer, cost or freely availableĬopyrighted, available for purchase from Harcourt Assessment, Inc $120 for 25 Translations in other languages (if yes, then list the languages) Yes, initial version compared to clinical determination of the intensity of depression BDI II correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Yes, Cronbach's coefficient for BDI II = 0.92 ![]() ![]() Scoring available: with permission or free Severity of depressive symptoms "at that moment", specifically assessing the intensity of depression in psychiatric and normal populations, ages 13 and aboveĢ1 symptoms-attidude categories including cognitive, affective, somatic, and vegetative symptoms of depression
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